what is difference between single inverted and double inverted in programming languages

[...] In common usage, there may be a distinction between the
single and double quotation marks in this context; often, single
quotation marks are used to embrace single characters, while 
double quotation marks enclose whole words or phrases[.]


Simply: according to the charcter check for string and char
1. if char , then use '';
2. if string , then use "";n C/C++, when a character array is initialized with a double quoted
string and array size is not specified, compiler automatically 
allocates one extra space for string terminator ‘\0’. 

From my experience :
1. It returns the Pointer to where call is occured( " " ).
2. vice-versa for (single inverted comma - ' ' );